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Math

Class Ideas: The Didax Blog

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Need new ideas? Looking for quick tips for teaching tricky concepts or organizing your math centers? Class Ideas is your go-to spot for inspiration, information and innovation and it’s an ideal way to stay current with the latest trends in math teaching and learning.

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If there are topics you’d like us to cover or you’d be interested in being a guest contributor, reach out to us and we’ll respond. Email us at hello@didax.com

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Conceptualizing Equivalent Fractions

Helping students build an understanding of fraction concepts is a challenge in the intermediate and middle grades. The pictorial representation is a critical tool for making the connection between the concept and the procedure. Conceptual understanding occurs when students can explain why the procedure works, showing that they have assimilated or integrated this understanding into their basic knowledge of fractions.

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March Mathness!

Every spring, millions of people turn their attention to what is, mathematically speaking, a tree diagram. Some think about it only when their favorite team is playing, while others are completely immersed in the annual College Basketball tradition known as “March Madness.” This frenzied tournament provides multiple opportunities to engage students in math, although we sometimes focus so narrowly on probability and statistics that students miss out on other opportunities to learn. In the spirit of the season, we’d like to share some ideas for teachers of all levels to bring March Mathness to the classroom. You can use the link below to access the activity sheets to use in your classroom. A printable tournament bracket is available here.

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Five Ways to Use Virtual Manipulatives to Build Understanding

Watching my children and students work with manipulatives, I can see how hands-on experiences with math concepts help build a solid foundation for future learning. Often, teachers and students struggle with the transition from concrete manipulatives to a representation of the concept. Web- or app-based “virtual” manipulatives help to make this transition easier, although many teachers struggle to find a place for these tools in the classroom. Hands-on manipulatives are an excellent tool on their own, and they are even more powerful when coupled with virtual manipulatives. To support the use of these virtual tools, Didax has developed more than a dozen free virtual resources, available on our website. If you need some help getting started, read on for some ideas!

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Putting Problem Solving Into Practice

As a part of my undergraduate education, I took a class called Mathematical Problem Solving. The professor presented us with a list of problems from which we chose at least five to solve and demonstrate to the class over the course of the semester. As a part of our solution, we had to choose and identify a problem-solving strategy (from George Polya’s list of strategies) that we would then apply to the problem. This was both a good introduction to a wide range of problem-solving strategies and a powerful example of how different students see and solve problems in different ways. When I started teaching, I sometimes tried to incorporate the strategies into my instruction. The challenge was providing a variety of problems that spanned both the standards and the strategies, giving students the opportunity to practice both in a meaningful way. To help teachers address this challenge, Didax now offers Problem Solving Practice Cards for grades 3 through 5 that provide both a problem and a suggested problem-solving strategy.

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Teach PEMDAS with PEMDice

Mathematics educators have recently highlighted the need for “low floor, high ceiling” tasks that lead students into rich areas of inquiry. The “Four 4’s” problem is a fairly well-known example cited by Jo Boaler and others, but such challenges are hard to develop. It is often difficult to find an exercise, game, or a puzzle that is instantly accessible at a basic level, yet also leads to the exploration of higher-order thinking and deeper mathematical insights. The PEMDice game is designed to scratch this itch. Very simple in concept and, when played in its elementary form, it is ultimately as complex and as challenging as anyone cares to make it.

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Supporting Early Numeracy with the Rekenrek

Early in my publishing career, I was working with an author on an updated book series. In the course of our discussion, he mentioned the Rekenrek, a tool for building early numeracy. This was, at the time, a very new tool in the United States even though its use could be tracked back for many years in the Netherlands. I was intrigued, but not quite sure what we could do with this tool that would help teachers enhance their instructional practice. Fast forward several years, and the Rekenrek is far more familiar. Many educators are embracing this tool with varying degrees of success. To make this implementation a little easier, Don Balka has developed two activity books for the Rekenrek: Working with the Rekenrek (with Ruth Harbin Miles) and Working with the 100-Bead Rekenrek. These books provide both teacher support and engaging student activities to help us all use the Rekenrek more effectively. If you’re looking for some ideas to get started with the Rekenrek, here are two new ideas based on these resources.

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Working with Double Number Lines

Double, or dual, number lines are an ideal "visual model" for solving mathematical problems involving equivalences, ratios, proportions, and more. Though double number lines are not mentioned specifically in the CCSS until Grade 6 (6.RP.3), they are a viable tool for mathematical understanding beginning as early as first grade.

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Visual Models for Introducing Fractions in Third Grade

"Would you rather have half of one chocolate bar or a quarter of a different chocolate bar? Most popular answer: It depends on the size of the chocolate bars! As teachers know, the relative size of fractions depends on how the whole is defined. Authors Jim Callahan and Marilynn Varricchio address these common problems with fractions in their new book Fractions Made Easy (Didax, 2016). Drawing on material from the book, we will focus on how visual models can be used to support a solid conceptual understanding of fractions in third grade.

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Number Paths: A Better Tool for Early Math than Number Lines

"With current math standards' emphasis on number lines as a visual math model, number lines are being used in nearly all primary grades classrooms for learning such things as counting and early operations. However, research has shown that number lines are conceptually too difficult for young children to understand and instead we should be using number paths, at least until second grade (Fuson, et. al., 2009). A number path is a visual model for counting, addition, subtraction and more. Experts say that the number path is superior to the number line as a visual model for early math learning. We caught up with Educator Margaret McGinty to learn why.

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Drawing to Solve Math Word Problems

Here is a simple story problem. Rose has 5 pennies. Eva has 9 pennies. How many more pennies does Eva have than Rose? I have posed this problem to many, many children. More than a few of them have answered, “Eva has 9. You just told me that.” Those children didn’t understand the question. It is not simply that they got the wrong answer. It is not simply that they made a minor mistake. Those children really didn’t understand what I was asking. Here is another problem. Trixie has 3 baskets. There are 4 cherries in each basket. How many cherries does Trixie have altogether? I often ask children to draw pictures to represent story problems. For this problem, I have seen children draw 3 baskets, draw 4 cherries in each basket, and then miscount the cherries – maybe they count 11, or maybe 13. Of course, 11 is not right. And 13 is not right. But compare those children who miscount with those children who start out by drawing 4 cherries and 3 baskets. Miscounting is one thing – everyone makes minor mistakes. But children who draw 4 cherries and 3 baskets don’t understand the question. Those children need help.

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